Understanding the Implications of Palestinian Statehood Recognition on Israel's International Relations In the complex landscape of Middle Eastern politics, the recognition of a Palestinian state is a pivotal event that shapes diplomatic relationships, particularly between Israel and those nations that bestow such recognition. For global leaders and investors, this recognition holds significant implications — not only for humanitarian perspectives but also for geopolitical stability, economic partnerships, and international investments. Shifts in Diplomatic Relations When countries officially recognize the state of Palestine, they fundamentally alter their diplomatic stances toward Israel. Such actions can be interpreted as a repudiation of the ongoing Israeli policies in the occupied territories and a challenge to the status quo established after decades of conflict. Recognizing Palestine may signal to Israel that its stance on territorial claims, settlements, and occupation will not go unchallenged. This could prompt Israel to reconsider its approaches to peace negotiations and foreign diplomacy, especially with countries that partake in this recognition. Moreover, countries that recognize Palestine are often seen as aligning themselves with the broader Arab and Muslim world, which could bolster their diplomatic ties within these regions. Enhanced relationships between Arab nations and those recognizing Palestinian statehood may lead to greater coordination in regional policies, especially around issues such as trade, security, and cultural exchanges, potentially impacting Israel's ability to navigate these relationships favorably. Impact on International Relations and Stability The recognition of Palestinian statehood also has wider implications for international relations. For instance, it can lead to a re-evaluation of alliances in the region. Countries that recognize Palestine may receive political support from others in their efforts to pressure Israel into negotiations and compliance with international law. As a counterbalance, Israel may seek to foster deeper ties with nations that do not support Palestinian statehood, thereby stratifying diplomatic relationships into supporters and opponents of Palestinian aspirations. Furthermore, international organizations, including the United Nations, are influenced by these recognition moves. A larger number of countries recognizing Palestine could heighten calls for accountability regarding Israel’s actions on disputed territories, potentially leading to resolutions that impact Israel’s standing on the global stage. This growing multilateral pressure could challenge Israel's long-standing policies on settlement expansion and military actions. Economic Considerations for Investors For investors, the recognition of a Palestinian state can create both risks and opportunities. In regions with heightened tensions, investments can become uncertain, with geopolitical instability affecting market performance. Conversely, the establishment of a sovereign Palestine might lead to new market opportunities, particularly in sectors like infrastructure, technology, and trade as governments begin to invest in Palestinian development. Investors would need to be attuned not only to the shifting diplomatic landscape but also to the sentiments of local populations, whose support can be crucial for the success of projects in the region. As peace efforts evolve, there is potential for economic engagement to drive stability, aiding both Palestinian aspirations for statehood and Israeli security concerns. To Summarise… The recognition of Palestinian statehood is a landmark event with complex implications for diplomatic relations and international stability. For global leaders and investors, understanding these dynamics is crucial. The geopolitical landscape in the Middle East continues to evolve, and with it, the potential for new partnerships and conflicts will require continuous attention and strategy. The road ahead may be fraught with challenges, but it also holds the promise of new beginnings for peace and prosperity in the region, if the involved leaders adopt a realistic approach. (Written by, The Decision Maker - International Relations and Finance editors)

NVIDIA to Invest $100 Billion in Open AI London, 23 September 2025 A record-breaking agreement that highlights the growing need for AI tools like ChatGPT and the processing power required to run them, Nvidia plans to invest up to $100 billion in OpenAI to build new data centres and other AI infrastructure. The businesses said they had signed a letter of intent for a strategic deal when they made the announcement on Monday. With the aid of Nvidia's cutting-edge CPUs, OpenAI will be able to construct data centres with a minimum power capacity of 10 gigawatts, which will be used to train and implement AI models. People familiar with the situation say the funding will be given in installments, with the first $10 billion coming when the agreement is signed. As part of the transaction, Nvidia will obtain OpenAI equity and make the financial investment, according to the people, who asked not to be named because the discussions were confidential. With the deployment of each gigawatt of computer capacity, there will be more increases. Investors praised the partnership, which caused Nvidia's stock to rise 3.9% during New York trading. The corporation's position as the most valuable company on Earth has been solidified as the stock has now increased by almost 37% this year. (Written and edited by, The Decision Maker - Technology editors)

Starmer Announces The UK’s Recognition of a Palestinian State London, 21 September 2025 The UK now formally recognises a Palestinian state, as announced by Prime Minister Keir Starmer. "Today, to revive the hope of peace and a two-state solution, I state clearly - as prime minister of this great country - that the United Kingdom formally recognises the state of Palestine," he said in a video statement. Prior to this, Canada was the first G7 country to take action, with Australia coming in second. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has previously argued that it "rewards Hamas's monstrous terrorism" for nations to recognise Palestinian statehood. (Source: BBC News )

Pythagorean Friendship in International Relations: A New Paradigm for Global Leaders By Angelos Tsigkopoulos Publisher, The Decision Maker In an increasingly interconnected world, the dynamics of international relations and diplomacy continue to evolve. As global leaders grapple with complex issues ranging from climate change to trade disputes, the concept of “Pythagorean Friendship” may offer a fresh perspective on fostering cooperation among nations. While the term might evoke thoughts of ancient mathematics, at its core, Pythagorean Friendship encompasses the bonds of mutual respect, understanding, and collaboration. I shall attempt to explore how ancient Hellenic philosophical principles can inform modern diplomatic practices. The Pythagorean approach to friendship is founded on the idea of mutual benefit and the pursuit of a common good, rooted in deep understanding and personal connection. In today’s diplomatic landscape, where national interests often clash, this philosophy serves as an essential reminder of the need for collaboration over competition. Leaders who adopt this mindset can reshape their diplomatic efforts by cultivating relationships based on trust and respect, akin to the deep friendships described by Pythagoreans. One of the key tenets of Pythagorean Friendship is the notion that “friends share a common purpose.” In international relations, this principle can be applied to multilateral agreements and cooperative initiatives. For example, consider the ongoing global challenges of climate change and health crises, such as pandemics. Global leaders can benefit from forging alliances where countries collaborate not solely out of obligation, but from a genuine sense of partnership. Such collaborations can lead to innovative solutions that are not only effective but also equitable, as nations work in concert for mutual advancement. Moreover, Pythagorean Friendship emphasizes the importance of education and dialogue. Just as Pythagorean philosophy encouraged learning and sharing knowledge, international relations benefit greatly from open channels of communication. Countries that invest in diplomatic education—be it the training of officials or the fostering of cultural exchanges—can create networks of understanding. These networks can help prevent conflicts by allowing countries to appreciate differing perspectives and values, leading to greater empathy and collaboration. However, the Pythagorean concept of friendship also mandates a degree of integrity and accountability. Nations must hold themselves and each other accountable to the principles of justice and fairness. Here, diplomatic practices can model ancient Pythagorean ideals by ensuring that agreements are upheld, that nations act honorably, and that they respond to breaches of trust with constructive dialogue rather than hostility. Furthermore, embracing Pythagorean Friendship involves recognizing the importance of balance in relationships. Just as Pythagoras believed in harmony not only among friends but also in the natural world, diplomats must seek balanced relations that consider power dynamics, cultural contexts, and economic disparities. A successful diplomatic strategy rooted in this philosophy would ensure that smaller or less powerful nations have a voice in global forums, thus promoting equity and reinforcing the friendship among nations. Concluding, global leaders in international relations can draw lessons from the ancient wisdom of Pythagorean Friendship to enhance collaboration and harmony in global politics. By fostering mutual respect, open dialogue, accountability, and balance, nations can navigate the complexities of the modern world with a spirit of cooperation that transcends traditional power struggles. The modern application of these philosophical principles serves not only to strengthen individual relationships but also to promote a more stable and peaceful international environment. Thus, as we move forward, let us aim to rekindle the spirit of Pythagorean Friendship in our diplomatic endeavors for a brighter future.

Sales Comparison Approach (SCA) and the Role of CAPEX in Real Estate Valuation By Angelos Tsigkopoulos Publisher, The Decision Maker For real estate investors looking to make informed decisions, understanding the various property valuation methods is crucial. Among these methods, the Sales Comparison Approach (SCA) stands out as a reliable and widely accepted technique, especially for residential properties. This approach leverages market data to establish a property's fair market value by comparing it to similar properties that have sold recently in the same locality. However, it’s important to note the role of Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) in this process, as they can significantly affect valuation outcomes. Sales Comparison Approach; what is it. The Sales Comparison Approach involves evaluating a property’s worth by comparing it to similar properties, known as comparables or "comps," that have recently sold. The key factors considered in this method include location, size, age, condition, and amenities. For investors, the SCA provides a straightforward way to assess whether a property is priced appropriately relative to the current market conditions. To conduct an effective SCA, one starts by gathering sales data on comparable properties. The analysis accounts for differences in features and conditions between the subject property and its comparables, making adjustments as necessary. For instance, if a comparable property boasts an additional bathroom, an adjustment is made to decrease the comparable property's value in the analysis. By doing so, real estate investors can estimate a more accurate market value for the property in question. Incorporating CAPEX into Valuation While the SCA provides a solid framework for determining property value, it does not exist in a vacuum. One crucial aspect that investors must consider when using this approach is Capital Expenditures (CAPEX). CAPEX refers to the funds used by a property owner to acquire, upgrade, or maintain physical assets. These expenditures can either enhance the property value or are necessary to maintain it. Investors often face the dilemma over how to account for CAPEX in property valuation. For instance, if a property has recently undergone significant renovations—such as a new roof, updated kitchen, or improved landscaping—these upgrades can increase its market value. When conducting an SCA, it is vital to factor in these enhancements as they can justify a higher price point when compared to less upgraded properties. Conversely, neglecting necessary repairs or renovations can dramatically impact a property's valuation. If a property is in poor condition and requires significant CAPEX for upkeep, this factor should be reflected in the comparison. In such cases, the investor might need to adjust the value of the property downward based on estimated repair costs. Final Remarks The Sales Comparison Approach is a fundamental tool for real estate investors aiming to accurately assess property values in a competitive market. By understanding the intricacies of the SCA and incorporating the influence of CAPEX, investors can make more informed decisions that align with their investment strategies. As the real estate landscape continues to evolve, maintaining an awareness of these valuation methods and their components will empower investors to maximize their returns and minimize risks. Supporting these practices with thorough research and up-to-date market analysis will enhance their decision-making process and lead to successful investments.

Article 4 of NATO. What is it and Why Does it Matter After The Reported Polish Airspace Violation by Russia. Saturday, 20 September 2025 In recent weeks, the geopolitical landscape has been markedly influenced by heightened tensions between NATO member states and Russia. A particularly concerning incident involved a reported violation of Polish airspace by Russian aircraft, raising serious questions about security protocols and collective defense within the NATO framework, especially in relation to Article 4. Understanding Article 4 of NATO NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is founded on principles of collective defense, security, and cooperation among its member states. Article 4 of the NATO treaty is a crucial component that outlines the process by which ally states can raise concerns about threats to their territorial integrity, political independence, or security. Specifically, Article 4 states that any member may call for consultations when it believes that its territory is under threat, thus allowing all member nations to engage in discussions to address the issue collaboratively. The essence of Article 4 lies in its commitment to diplomacy before military action. It serves as a mechanism for member states to assess threats, share intelligence, and unify their responses, ultimately reinforcing the principle of collective security that underpins NATO. The Polish Incident: Implications for NATO's Unity The recent violation of Polish airspace by Russian aircraft has brought Article 4 to the forefront of discussions among NATO's leadership and member countries. Such provocations pose direct threats not only to Poland but also to the alliance's integrity as a whole. Given Poland's strategic position on NATO's eastern flank, the implications of this incident are significant. It serves as a reminder of the ongoing tensions between NATO and Russia, particularly in the Baltics and Eastern Europe, where military activities have heightened in recent years. By invoking Article 4, Poland is likely to solicit solidarity among NATO allies, emphasizing the shared commitment to collective defense. This action sends a clear message that violations of national sovereignty will not go unnoticed and emphasizes that NATO stands united in protecting its member states. The Importance of a Collective Response The invocation of Article 4 holds profound significance, particularly for global leaders and investors who are keenly aware of the stability of regions where NATO operates. A collective and robust response to threats can serve as a deterrent against further provocations from hostile entities, thereby maintaining peace and security in an increasingly unstable geopolitical landscape. Moreover, from an investment perspective, stable and secure environments attract foreign direct investment (FDI), fostering economic growth. Conversely, heightened tensions and unresolved conflicts can lead to economic uncertainty, making investors wary of committing resources to volatile regions. A decisive response reaffirming NATO's unity through Article 4 can thus enhance investor confidence in Poland and the broader Eastern European region. The invocation of Article 4 in light of the recent Polish airspace violation underscores the importance of NATO's collective defense framework. By addressing threats collaboratively, member states not only reinforce their commitment to each other but also provide assurances to global leaders and investors about the stability and security of the region. As tensions continue to evolve, the effectiveness of NATO's responses will be critical in shaping both security dynamics and economic prospects in Eastern Europe and beyond. (Written and edited by, The Dexision Maker - International Relations editors)

Best Weekend Escapes in Europe in September As summer winds down, September offers a unique charm that beckons travelers to explore Europe’s breathtaking landscapes, rich history, and vibrant cultures. With the bustling crowds of summer beginning to dwindle, this is the perfect time to embark on a weekend escape. Here are some of the best destinations across Europe that are ideal for a September getaway. Athens, Greece Visiting Athens in September is a truly rewarding experience that brings together history, culture, and culinary delights in a setting that feels both vibrant and accessible. As the summer crowds dissipate and the weather becomes more enjoyable, this ancient city opens its arms to tourists looking to create unforgettable memories. Whether you're wandering through the historic streets of Plaka, enjoying a sunset on the Acropolis, or indulging in Greek delicacies, Athens in September is a destination that promises a perfect blend of adventure and relaxation. Lisbon, Portugal Lisbon is a city that comes alive in September. With its mild temperatures and lower tourist footfall, it’s perfect for leisurely exploration. Stroll through the historic neighborhoods of Alfama and Bairro Alto, where colorful buildings and street art create an inviting atmosphere. Don’t miss visiting the iconic Belem Tower and indulging in a pastéis de nata (custard tart) at the nearby Pastéis de Belém. Take the tram 28 for a picturesque ride through the city, and enjoy panoramic views from the Miradouro de Santa Catarina. Amalfi Coast, Italy The Amalfi Coast is breathtakingly beautiful, and September is an ideal time to experience its splendor. The weather remains warm, yet the summer crowds begin to dissipate. Base yourself in Positano or Amalfi and spend your days exploring the coastal cliffs, azure waters, and charming villages. Hike the Path of the Gods for spectacular vistas, or take a boat trip to the enchanting island of Capri. Sample fresh seafood and local wines at seaside restaurants, while soaking in the stunning views of the coastline. Prague, Czech Republic September is a wonderful month to explore Prague, often referred to as the “City of a Hundred Spires.” The weather is pleasant, and the city’s historic architecture can be enjoyed without the summer rush. Visit the stunning Prague Castle, stroll across the iconic Charles Bridge, and take time to explore the quaint streets of the Old Town. The September weather also makes it perfect for enjoying the lush gardens and parks, such as Letná Park, which offers delightful views of the Vltava River. Barcelona, Spain In September, Barcelona feels energized yet not overwhelmed by tourists. You can visit iconic landmarks like La Sagrada Familia and Park Güell without the long waits typical of summer months. Experience the famous La Rambla, where street performers and outdoor cafes create a lively atmosphere. September is also a time for many local festivals, such as La Mercè, where you can witness parades, fireworks, and traditional Catalonian human towers known as “castells.” Don’t forget to enjoy tapas at a local bodega to round out your cultural experience. Budapest, Hungary Budapest is perfect for a weekend escape in September, with its beautiful thermal baths, impressive architecture, and rich history. Visit the Buda Castle and enjoy a leisurely cruise on the Danube River for stunning views of the Parliament Building and Chain Bridge. The city is known for its delightful coffee culture, so be sure to stop by one of its historic cafes. With mild weather and fewer tourists, you can truly immerse yourself in the local culture and sights. September is a fantastic month for weekend escapes in Europe, offering a blend of pleasant weather, cultural experiences, and fewer crowds. Whether you choose to wander through the ancient streets of Athens, the cobbled ones of Lisbon, relax on the Amalfi Coast, or soak in the atmosphere of Prague, Europe has something special to offer during this enchanting time of year. Grab your backpack, and embark on a memorable adventure! (Written and edited by, The Decision Maker-Lifestyle editors)

The Importance of Geopolitical Risk Management in Energy Projects: The Example of Greece-Turkey Tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean In today’s global landscape, geopolitical risk management has become a critical aspect of conducting energy projects, particularly in regions marked by territorial disputes and historical conflicts. The volatile tensions between Greece and Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean exemplify the challenges that energy investors, entrepreneurs, and global leaders must navigate as they seek to maximize opportunities while minimizing risks. The Eastern Mediterranean has emerged as a region of significant energy potential, with vast reserves of natural gas and the prospect of lucrative exploration projects. However, the turbulent backdrop of Greece-Turkey relations complicates matters considerably. Both nations have overlapping maritime claims, historical grievances, and a complex web of alliances that can impact each other’s energy ambitions. For investors, this means recognizing that geopolitical risks can significantly affect project feasibility, timelines, and overall returns. The tensions surrounding energy exploration in contested maritime zones exemplify the need for robust risk management frameworks. For instance, the discovery of potential gas reserves off the coast of Cyprus has sparked fierce territorial disputes, with Turkey claiming rights to explore the region while Greece asserts its territorial sovereignty. Projects that may seem economically promising can quickly become entangled in geopolitical complications, leading to delays, increased costs, and a re-evaluation of investment strategies. Global leaders and entrepreneurs must cultivate a deep understanding of the geopolitical landscape when evaluating energy projects in regions such as the Eastern Mediterranean. This includes recognizing the motivations and strategies of local governments, regional powers, and international stakeholders. Education and awareness about the cultural and political context of the countries involved can serve as a foundation for sound decision-making. Engaging in comprehensive risk assessments is essential. This involves not only identifying potential political and military risks but also analyzing the legal frameworks governing energy projects. In the case of Greece and Turkey, the complexity of international maritime law can create uncertainties that may deter investment. Investors should seek legal advice and engage with experts who understand the intricacies of regional laws and treaties to navigate this environment effectively. Building strong relationships with local stakeholders is another crucial aspect of mitigating geopolitical risks. Establishing partnerships with local firms can offer insights into domestic dynamics and enhance the likelihood of project success. Additionally, fostering good relations with governmental bodies can help navigate regulatory hurdles and promote a conducive environment for energy investments. Furthermore, diversification strategies can also serve as a hedge against geopolitical risks. For instance, rather than placing all resources in a single project within a high-risk zone, investors may consider spreading their investments across multiple regions or sectors. This approach not only mitigates potential losses from a single geopolitical incident but also enables stakeholders to capitalize on opportunities in more stable environments. Ultimately, the case of Greece-Turkey tensions highlights the necessity for a proactive approach to geopolitical risk management in energy projects. By understanding the complexities of international relations, engaging in thorough risk assessments, building local partnerships, and diversifying portfolios, global leaders, entrepreneurs, and investors can navigate challenging waters successfully. The ability to adapt to geopolitical shifts will be a defining factor for those looking to thrive in the ever-evolving landscape of international energy markets. (Research and edit by, The Decision Maker-International Relations and Energy Editors-AI was used for part of the research)

It is now 24 years since the Islamic extremist network, known as al-Qaeda, hijacked the US passenger jets and crashed them into the two New York skyscrapers. The act killed thousands of people with others nursing injuries in various medical facilities. The attack was the most traumatic event in the century, with many political analysts asking how the world will remember the date a century later. With so many controversies surrounding the attack, the main questions to be considered are: was 9/11 a global warning of International Relations getting into a violent context? Was it a turning point that altered the United States and the trajectory of world politics in significant ways? Will the future generations see it as a catalyst for a series of catastrophic international blunders? Or is it just a one-off event with modest impacts? Of course, the interpretation of the meaning attached to 9/11 will vary depending on who narrates it. While the attack left a historic dent to Americans, Afghans, Iraqis, Saudis, and Europeans, people from other parts of the world may not feel the impact as those with first-hand experience. Besides, these memories may fade away from our consciousness following a series of recent events that need our attention. The Historic 9/11 Talking of how 9/11 will be remembered, it is wise to also highlight some of the major events that went down on that day. On Tuesday 11th September 2001, four US passenger planes were seized by a team of 19 hijackers. The planes were then used as guided missiles to crash into two buildings in New York and Washington. Two planes hit the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, with the first crashing into the North Tower at 13:46 GMT and the second one crashing into the South Tower at 14:03 GMT. Hundreds of people were trapped on the upper floors as the city wreathed in smoke. Within two hours, the two 110-story towers collapsed in the dust. At 14:37 GMT, the third plane crashed into the western face of the Pentagon, which is the giant headquarters of the US military just outside the nation’s capital, Washington DC. The fourth plane landed in a field in Pennsylvania at 15:03 GMT. The attackers were said to target the Capitol Building in Washington DC before passengers fought back. The Islamic network, al-Qaeda, led by Osama Bin Laden planned the attacks after blaming the US and its allies for conflicts in Muslim World. A total of 2,977 people, excluding the 19 hijackers, died in the terror attack. According to the statistics, all 246 passengers on the four planes and crew, 2,606 people at the Twin Towers, and 125 people at the Pentagon were killed. 77 countries lost their citizens in the horrific event with New York City losing 441 first responders. The 9/11 Aftermath The truth is that 9/11 was not just a one-off event from a clear blue sky. It was a global warning that the next decades would not bring boundless peace and prosperity. Of course, al-Qaeda was less primitive in those days than an augury of the anti-liberal politics that would soon reach the whole world, including America. And as 9/11 still plunges in our minds, we can significantly link it to the series of historic events that have followed this major one. As such here are some shreds of evidence that remind the world of 9/11: The Iraq War with its early arrogance and prolonged agony. The use of torture to terrorist which undermined Bush’s every high-flown phrase. The financial crisis, which undermined American's wealth and trust. The return of the Taliban in Afghanistan, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, and the rise of right-wing populism in America. (Written and edited by The Decision Maker - International Relations editors)

Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Kent Announced Dead London, 5 September 2025 Release by Buckingham Palace It is with deep sorrow that Buckingham Palace announces the death of Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Kent. Her Royal Highness passed away peacefully last night at Kensington Palace, surrounded by her family. The King and Queen and all Members of The Royal Family join The Duke of Kent, his children and grandchildren in mourning their loss and remembering fondly The Duchess’s life-long devotion to all the organisations with which she was associated, her passion for music and her empathy for young people. (Source:

BREAKING: Angela Rayner Resigns as Deputy Prime Minister London, 5 September 2025 After being found to have breached the ministerial code, Angela Rayner resigned from her position as housing secretary and deputy prime minister. The now-former deputy prime minister acknowledged underpaying stamp duty on her second house in Hove, which prompted an investigation headed by ethics watchdog Sir Laurie Magnus. She said she "deeply regretted" the £40,000 tax underpayment that resulted from faulty advice when she bought her £800,000 seafront flat in Hove. Prime Minister, Sir Keir Starmer has been unclear about whether he would fire his housing secretary and deputy prime minister if it turned out that she had violated the ministerial code. (Source: LinkedIn news and City AM )

How is Aristotle’s Rhetoric Applied in 2025 Aristotle’s rhetoric, as outlined in his seminal work “Rhetoric” (circa 350 BCE), is still highly relevant today, especially in fields like politics, marketing, media, law, and social movements. The three main pillars of his rhetorical framework—“ethos”(credibility), “pathos” (emotion), and “logos”(reason)—continue to shape communication strategies in 2025. Here’s how Aristotle's rhetoric is applied in modern contexts: Political Discourse In today’s political landscape, politicians and leaders rely heavily on Aristotle's rhetoric to persuade the public, gain support, and shape opinions. Ethos A politician’s credibility is crucial. Leaders build trust through their past actions, expertise, and reputation. Social media platforms often amplify their ethos, as candidates are able to curate their public image and share their expertise in real-time. Pathos Politicians tap into the emotional sentiments of the electorate, especially during campaigns. They use evocative language, symbols, and media to connect with voters' hopes, fears, and values. Emotional appeals (e.g., fear-mongering or hope-building) are prevalent in political ads and speeches. Logos Campaigns often rely on data and facts, especially with the growing influence of social media analytics and voter behavior predictions. Politicians use statistics, facts, and logical arguments to validate their policy positions and sway undecided voters. Marketing & Advertising Marketers are masters of Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle in 2025, manipulating ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade consumers to buy products, engage with brands, or support causes. Ethos Brands build credibility through endorsements from influencers or celebrities. Trustworthiness is key—companies highlight their expertise, quality assurance, and customer service to gain consumer confidence. Pathos Emotional appeals are the heart of modern advertising. Brands often tap into cultural movements (like sustainability or social justice) or create compelling narratives that resonate emotionally, using nostalgia, humor, or empathy to persuade. Logos Clear, logical arguments support product claims. Data-driven marketing is common: brands use customer reviews, product specifications, and detailed comparisons to convince consumers that their choice is the rational one. Social Media and Online Communication In 2025, social media platforms have made the application of rhetoric more direct and immediate, with influencers and content creators leveraging Aristotle’s methods. Ethos Influencers use personal branding to build trust and credibility. They often become experts in a specific niche (e.g., fitness, finance, beauty) and are perceived as reliable sources of advice. Pathos Content creators use emotional appeals to engage their followers—through storytelling, humor, or empathy—building a connection with their audience. This is especially true for viral content, which relies heavily on stirring emotion. Logos Logical arguments appear in the form of data, tutorials, or “how-to” content. Creators might present facts, studies, or evidence to support claims, especially in areas like health, finance, or technology. Law and Legal Arguments Lawyers and judges continue to use Aristotle’s rhetoric to craft compelling arguments and make decisions based on persuasive logic. Ethos A lawyer's reputation, past successes, and knowledge are central in establishing credibility with the jury or judge. Pathos Lawyers use emotional appeals to elicit empathy for their client or to paint an emotionally charged picture of the consequences of a legal decision (e.g., victim impact statements). Logos Legal arguments are typically rooted in logical reasoning. Lawyers will use evidence, precedents, and detailed legal arguments to construct a rational case in favor of their client. Social Movements and Activism In activism, Aristotle's rhetorical concepts are used to mobilize and inspire action. Ethos Leaders and activists build credibility by demonstrating their commitment to a cause, showing expertise, or gaining support from prominent figures. Pathos Activists often use pathos to stir emotional responses in the public, whether it's by showcasing injustice or appealing to shared human values. Logos Activists rely on facts, studies, and evidence to support their causes. Data on environmental destruction, inequality, or public health is often used to present logical arguments for change. Corporate Communication & Public Relations In the corporate world, companies and public relations firms use rhetoric to shape their brand image, manage crises, and communicate effectively with stakeholders. Ethos Corporate leaders establish trust with the public by promoting transparency, ethical business practices, and social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are common. Pathos Companies engage in emotional storytelling to humanize their brands, whether through heartwarming ads or campaigns that focus on social good. Logos Data and facts about product benefits, sustainability efforts, or corporate performance are used to persuade investors, customers, and the public. Education & Learning Educators and communicators use Aristotle's rhetoric to teach, inspire, and engage students. Ethos Teachers and educational institutions build credibility by showcasing their qualifications, expertise, and the effectiveness of their teaching methods. Pathos Teachers often engage students emotionally, making learning personal or relevant to their lives. Motivational speeches or encouraging storytelling are tools for building engagement. Logos Teachers structure their lessons logically, presenting clear arguments, facts, and evidence to support the concepts they are teaching. Artificial Intelligence and Rhetoric In 2025, even AI systems—like chatbots or automated content generators—are utilizing Aristotle’s principles to communicate persuasively. Ethos AI-generated content often aims to be authoritative, accurate, and helpful. Systems like ChatGPT or Google’s AI tools aim to build trust through their reliability and usefulness. Pathos AI is being programmed to identify and adapt to emotional cues. In customer service, for example, AI might adjust its tone or language to empathize with a customer’s frustration or joy. Logos AI uses data and logical reasoning to provide accurate information, answer questions, and assist with decision-making. To Summarise…. Aristotle’s rhetorical principles continue to be adapted in new and evolving ways, especially with the rapid advancements in digital communication and technology. His timeless framework provides a strong foundation for persuasive communication, whether in traditional or modern contexts. (Written by, The Decision Maker - Culture editors)