Understanding the Implications of the New Italian AI Law for Personal Data Protection and Governance
- The Decision Maker
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Understanding the Implications of the New Italian AI Law for Personal Data Protection and Governance
On October 10, 2025, Italy introduced its first national law regulating artificial intelligence (AI), marking a significant step in Europe’s approach to AI governance. This law aligns closely with the European AI Act, ensuring compatibility without adding extra obligations. It sets out clear principles and sector-specific rules to promote responsible AI use while safeguarding citizens' rights, especially regarding personal data.
The Framework of the New Italian AI Law
The law consists of 28 articles that emphasize an anthropocentric approach to AI. This means AI systems should serve people’s well-being, respecting constitutional rights and European Union regulations. The law targets specific sectors such as healthcare, employment, and public administration, where AI’s impact is most significant.
Key principles include:
Transparency in AI system operations
Accountability for AI developers and users
Risk management to prevent harm
Promotion of AI to improve quality of life
These principles create a foundation for AI governance that balances innovation with protection.
Personal Data Protection Under the New Law
One of the most critical parts of the law is Section 4, which addresses the processing of personal data by AI systems. It highlights the need for clear, accessible information about how AI handles data, ensuring users understand what happens to their information.
Protection of Minors’ Data
The law introduces stricter rules for processing minors' personal data:
Children under 14 require parental consent to access AI technologies.
Those aged 14 to 18 can consent independently, following GDPR guidelines.
This approach recognizes minors as vulnerable individuals needing extra protection. It aims to prevent unauthorized data use and ensure that AI systems respect minors' rights.
Media and Information Principles
AI use in media must respect:
Freedom and pluralism of information
Freedom of expression
Objectivity, completeness, impartiality, and fairness
These principles ensure AI-driven media content remains trustworthy and balanced, preventing misinformation or bias.
Practical Implications for Organisations and Users
Organisations deploying AI in Italy must carefully review their data processing practices to comply with the new law. This includes:
Updating privacy policies to clearly explain AI data use
Implementing consent mechanisms for minors
Training staff on AI transparency and ethical use
Conducting risk assessments focused on personal data protection
For example, a healthcare provider using AI diagnostics must ensure patient data is handled transparently and securely, with special attention to minors’ consent where applicable.
Users should be aware of their rights under this law, including the ability to:
Receive clear information about AI data processing
Object to unfair or biased AI decisions
Exercise control over personal data, especially for minors
How the Law Supports Responsible AI Development
The Italian AI law encourages developers to build AI systems that are:
Transparent: Users can understand how AI works and how data is used.
Accountable: Developers and users are responsible for AI outcomes.
Human-centered: AI serves people’s needs without compromising rights.
By setting these standards, the law aims to foster trust in AI technologies and encourage innovation that respects ethical boundaries.
Challenges and Considerations
While the law provides a clear framework, challenges remain:
Ensuring consistent interpretation across sectors
Balancing innovation with strict data protection
Educating the public and organizations about new obligations
For instance, small businesses may struggle to implement complex consent mechanisms for minors, requiring support and guidance.
Looking Ahead: The Future of AI Governance in Italy
The new Italian AI law sets a precedent for national AI regulation in Europe. Its alignment with the EU AI Act ensures coherence while addressing local needs. As AI technologies evolve, ongoing updates and enforcement will be crucial to maintain effective governance.
Organisations should monitor regulatory developments and adapt their AI strategies accordingly. Users can expect stronger protections and clearer rights regarding AI and personal data. (Written and edited by, The Decision Maker Technology editors)
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